Tangle 2.0 Leaderless Nakamoto Consensus on the Heaviest DAG

We introduce the theoretical foundations of Tangle 2.0, a probabilistic leaderless consensus protocol based on directed acyclic graph (DAG) called Tangle. The naturally succeeds blockchain as its next evolutionary step it offers features suited to establish more efficient and scalable distributed ledger solutions. Consensus is no longer found in longest chain but heaviest DAG, where PoW replaced by stake- or reputation-based weight function. DAG structure underlying Reality-based UTXO Ledger allow parallel validation transactions without need for total ordering. Moreover, enables removal intermediary miners validators, allowing pure two-step process that follows \emph{propose-vote} paradigm at node level not validator level. propose framework analyse liveness safety under different communication adversary models. This allows providing impossibility results some edge cases asynchronous model. provide formal proof security assuming common random coin.